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Features: Scottish Parishes » Historic Shires » Edinburghshire » Cranston

Cranstoun Kirk by Kim Traynor
Cranstoun Kirk, Midlothian © 2011, Kim Traynor

CRANSTON PARISH

TABLE OF CONTENTS


ALTERNATE NAMES AND SPELLING:

Cranstoun, Little Preston


LOCATION

Location Description:

Cranston is a parish on the eastern border of Edinburghshire. It is bounded by the county of Haddington, and by the parishes of Inveresk, Dalkeith, Newbattle, Borthwick, and Crichton. (1867: The Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland, by John Marius Wilson).

Shire, District, and Region Timeline:

  • Shire: Edinburghshire (Before 1707)
  • County: Edinburgh (After 1707)
  • District: Edinburghshire (Before 1930)
  • County: Midlothian (1947)
  • Landward District: Gala Water (1930-1975)
  • Region: Lothian (1975-1996)
  • District: Midlothian (1975-1996)

Cities, Towns, Villages, and Hamlets:

Chesterhill, Cousland, Edgehead, Ford, Oxenford, Preston, Sauchanside or Sauchenside

Estates:

Oxfurd, Preston Hall


BOUNDARY & NAME CHANGES

The parish of Cranston had a detached part situated on the south-west border of the parish of Crichton. This detached part has been transferred to the parish of Crichton. See affected properties and landholders. (1892: Boundary of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government Act, 1889, by Hay Shennan)


PARISH TIMELINE

PRE-REFORMATION GOVERNANCE:

  • Diocese: St Andrews
  • Deanery: Haddington

POST-REFORMATION GOVERNANCE:

  • Synod: Lothian and Tweeddale
  • Presbytery: Dalkeith

PAROCHIAL OVERVIEW:

Previous to the Reformation the church known as Little Preston belonged to the Archbishop of St Andrews.

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND CLERGY:

Includes ministers, licentiates, assistants, readers, and clerks.

  • Andrew Blackhall, 1570
  • James Murray, 1583
  • John Nymbill (Nimmo), 1590
  • James Watson, 1597
  • John Nymbill (Nimmill, Nimmo), 1610
  • James Roberton, 1617
  • Alexander Heriot, 1660
  • George Kintore, 1663
  • James Blair, 1679
  • Robert Arbuthnot, 1682
  • John Williamson, 1694
  • Robert Mutter, 1714
  • William Smith, 1733
  • Walter Fisher, 1783
  • Alexander Welsh, 1829
  • Thomas Brown William Niven, 1859
  • George Simmie Smith, 1868
  • Hugh Sutherland, 1899
  • Samuel Stephen Walker, 1912

(1928: Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ, by Hew Scott, D. D.)


RECORDS

Parochial Registers:

Parish registers turned over to the Registrar-General, as a result of the Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages (Scotland) Act of 1854. The letters B. D. and M. indicate Births (or Baptisms), Deaths (or Burials), and Marriages (or Proclamations of Banns) respectively. Numbers indicate separate volumes or books. Note: These records are by no means complete or without damage; consult the Detailed List of the Old Parochial Registers of Scotland (1872) to learn more about the condition of the records.

  • (1) B. 1682-1819; M. 1784-1819; D. 1738-46
  • (2) B. and M. 1820-54; D. 1833-54

OPR and RD Numbers
Date RangeNameNumberType
1682-1854Cranston680OPR
1855-1956Cranston680RD
1957-1968Cranston and Crichton681RD
2009Midlothian762RD
2026Midlothian Council; Tynewater Community Council

(2009: Parishes and Registration Districts of Scotland - Old and New, National Records of Scotland)

Local community councils (2026) are provided as a potential source of additional information for settlements within the original boundaries of the parish. (Source)

Population:

Statistics from informal and official censuses

  • 1755: 725
  • 1792: 839
  • 1831: 1,030
  • 1841: 1,128
  • 1851: 1,235
  • 1861: 1,035
  • 1881: 998
  • 1901: 846
  • 1911: 805

RESIDENTS


Common Surnames:

Brown, Cockburn, Johnston, Meek, Moffat, Pryde, Reid, Rutherford, Smith, Wilson

Land-owners, teachers, and other professionals:

Note: Names appearing in research materials, other than censuses. Simple names (First name, surname only) have been omitted unless they appear associated with large properties. All women's names, and men's names with occupations, military ranks, or peerage titles are included.

  • No full names associated with properties found

Other residents:

By the Reverend Mr Walter Fisher.
"From an exact survey made in 1792, the number of souls amounted to 839; males 376, females 463. There are three villages in the parish: Cranston, Cousland, and Preston. The population of Cranston is 81 males, 106 females, total 187; of Cousland, 68 males, 94 females, total 162; and of Preston, 29 males, 46 females, total 75. There are 26 Seceders, and 4 Episcopalians.

Of occupations there are 14 farmers, 1 surgeon, 7 retailers of small groceries, 2 innkeepers, 3 smiths, 3 masons, 4 carpenters, 4 weavers, 2 shoemakers, 3 tailors, 2 millers, 1 baker, 4 gardeners, 1 Justice Peace officer, 1 Sheriff officer, and 2 schoolmasters."
(This section contains excerpts, at times restructured or paraphrased, from an article appearing in Statistical Account of Scotland, Sir John Sinclair, 1791-1799)


NOTES:

Primary Sources:
Statistical Account of Scotland (1791-1799), Volume 9, p. 277
New Statistical Account of Scotland (1834-1845), Volume 1, p. 191

See Parish Page Sources for all source information and links.


Photo credits: (Featured) Cranstoun Kirk, Midlothian, © 2011 Kim Traynor, used under Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 2.0, (Related Resources) Edinburghshire Locator Map, © 2025, Elianfoo, used under Creative Commons License CC BY-SA 4.0.
Related Resources
Map of Scotland with Edinburghshire highlighted
Location of Edinburghshire
See more maps at Wikimedia Commons
Glossary
  • Burghs:
  • Royal - Towns on royal lands
  • Regality - Towns granted to noblemen/landowners
  • Barony - Towns granted to tenant-in-chief (laird)
  • Police - Towns with elected officials
  • Small - Population under 20,000
  • Large - Population over 20,000
  •  
  • Chapel-of-Ease: Small church for those living far from the main church
  • Collegiate church: See What is a Collegiate Church?
  • Commune kirk: Owned by a larger church
  • Court of Teinds: Controlled funds for support of clergy
  •  
  • Friars:
  • Black - Dominican
  • Grey - Franciscan
  • Red - Trinitarian
  • White - Carmelite
  •  
  • Iron chapel: Building made of corrugated galvanized iron
  •  
  • Landward District: Rural part of a district
  •  
  • Mensal: Source of income to support clergy member (Roman Catholic)
  •  
  • OPR: Old Parochial Register
  •  
  • Pre-Reformation: Before 1560
  • Prebend: Source of income to support a clergy member
  •  
  • QO: Quoad Omnia - Civil and church control
  • QS: Quoad Sacra - Church control only
  •  
  • RD: Registration District - Civil control
  •  
  • Tryst: Large-scale market or fair, particularly for livestock
  •  
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